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Post code that demonstrates the use of the interact command in Sage here.    It should be easy to just scroll through and paste examples out of here into their own sage notebooks.If you have suggestions on how to improve interact, add them [:interactSuggestions: here] or email sage-support@googlegroups.com. This is a collection of pages demonstrating the use of the **interact** command in Sage.
It should be easy to just scroll through and copy/paste examples into Sage notebooks.
If you have suggestions on how to improve interact, add them [[interact/Suggestions|here]]
or email the
sage-support mailing list. Of course, your own examples are also welcome!
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[[TableOfContents]] Documentation links:
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== Differential Equations ==   * [[http://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/reference/repl/sage/repl/ipython_kernel/interact.html| interacts in the Jupyter notebook]] (see this page and the two following ones)
  * [[https://github.com/sagemath/sagenb/blob/master/sagenb/notebook/interact.py|interacts in the legacy SageNB notebook]] (many helpful examples)
  * [[https://github.com/sagemath/sagecell/blob/master/interact_compatibility.py|Sage Cell Server implementation]]
  * [[https://github.com/sagemathinc/cocalc/blob/master/src/smc_sagews/smc_sagews/sage_salvus.py#L348|CoCalc Sage worksheet implementation]]
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=== Euler's Method in one variable ===
by Marshall Hampton. This needs some polishing but its usable as is.
{{{
def tab_list(y, headers = None):
    '''
    Converts a list into an html table with borders.
    '''
    s = '<table border = 1>'
    if headers:
        for q in headers:
            s = s + '<th>' + str(q) + '</th>'
    for x in y:
        s = s + '<tr>'
        for q in x:
            s = s + '<td>' + str(q) + '</td>'
        s = s + '</tr>'
    s = s + '</table>'
    return s
var('x y')
@interact
def euler_method(y_exact_in = input_box('-cos(x)+1.0', type = str, label = 'Exact solution = '), y_prime_in = input_box('sin(x)', type = str, label = "y' = "), start = input_box(0.0, label = 'x starting value: '), stop = input_box(6.0, label = 'x stopping value: '), startval = input_box(0.0, label = 'y starting value: '), nsteps = slider([2^m for m in range(0,10)], default = 10, label = 'Number of steps: '), show_steps = slider([2^m for m in range(0,10)], default = 8, label = 'Number of steps shown in table: ')):
    y_exact = lambda x: eval(y_exact_in)
    y_prime = lambda x,y: eval(y_prime_in)
    stepsize = float((stop-start)/nsteps)
    steps_shown = max(nsteps,show_steps)
    sol = [startval]
    xvals = [start]
    for step in range(nsteps):
        sol.append(sol[-1] + stepsize*y_prime(xvals[-1],sol[-1]))
        xvals.append(xvals[-1] + stepsize)
    sol_max = max(sol + [find_maximum_on_interval(y_exact,start,stop)[0]])
    sol_min = min(sol + [find_minimum_on_interval(y_exact,start,stop)[0]])
    show(plot(y_exact(x),start,stop,rgbcolor=(1,0,0))+line([[xvals[index],sol[index]] for index in range(len(sol))]),xmin=start,xmax = stop, ymax = sol_max, ymin = sol_min)
    if nsteps < steps_shown:
        table_range = range(len(sol))
    else:
        table_range = range(0,floor(steps_shown/2)) + range(len(sol)-floor(steps_shown/2),len(sol))
    html(tab_list([[i,xvals[i],sol[i]] for i in table_range], headers = ['step','x','y']))
}}}
attachment:eulermethod.png
Examples:
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=== Vector Fields and Euler's Method ===
by Mike Hansen (tested and updated by William Stein)
{{{
x,y = var('x,y')
@interact
def _(f = input_box(default=y), g=input_box(default=-x*y+x^3-x),
      xmin=input_box(default=-1), xmax=input_box(default=1),
      ymin=input_box(default=-1), ymax=input_box(default=1),
      start_x=input_box(default=0.5), start_y=input_box(default=0.5),
      step_size=(0.01,(0.001, 0.2)), steps=(600,(0, 1400)) ):
    old_f = f
    f = f.function(x,y)
    old_g = g
    g = g.function(x,y)
    steps = int(steps)
 * [[interact/algebra|Algebra]]
 * [[interact/bio|Bioinformatics]]
 * [[interact/calculus|Calculus]]
 * [[interact/complex|Complex Analysis]]
 * [[interact/cryptography|Cryptography]]
 * [[interact/diffeq|Differential Equations]]
 * [[interact/graphics|Drawing Graphics]]
 * [[interact/dynsys|Dynamical Systems]]
 * [[interact/fractal|Fractals]]
 * [[interact/games|Games and Diversions]]
 * [[interact/geometry|Geometry]]
 * [[interact/graph_theory|Graph Theory]]
 * [[interact/groups|Groups]]
 * [[interact/linear_algebra|Linear Algebra]]
 * [[interact/Loop Quantum Gravity|Loop Quantum Gravity]]
 * [[interact/misc|Miscellaneous]]
 * [[interact/number_theory|Number Theory]]
 * [[interact/stats|Statistics/Probability]]
 * [[interact/topology|Topology]]
 * [[interact/web|Web Applications]]
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    points = [ (start_x, start_y) ]
    for i in range(steps):
        xx, yy = points[-1]
        try:
            points.append( (xx+step_size*f(xx,yy), yy+step_size*g(xx,yy)) )
        except (ValueError, ArithmeticError, TypeError):
            break
== Explanatory example: Taylor Series ==
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    starting_point = point(points[0], pointsize=50)
    solution = line(points)
    vector_field = plot_vector_field( (f,g), (x,xmin,xmax), (y,ymin,ymax) )
This is the code and a mockup animation of the interact command. It defines a slider, seen on top, that can be dragged. Once dragged, it changes the value of the variable "order" and the whole block of code gets evaluated. This principle can be seen in various examples presented on the pages above!
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    result = vector_field + starting_point + solution
    
    html(r"<h2>$ \frac{dx}{dt} = %s$ $ \frac{dy}{dt} = %s$</h2>"%(latex(old_f),latex(old_g)))
    print "Step size: %s"%step_size
    print "Steps: %s"%steps
    result.show(xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax)
}}}
attachment:euler.png

=== Vector Field with Runga-Kutta-Fehlberg ===
by Harald Schilly
{{{
# Solve ODEs using sophisticated Methods like Runga-Kutta-Fehlberg
# by Harald Schilly, April 2008
# (jacobian doesn't work, please help ...)
var('x y')
@interact
def _(fin = input_box(default=y+exp(x/10)-1/3*((x-1/2)^2+y^3)*x-x*y^3), gin=input_box(default=x^3-x+1/100*exp(y*x^2+x*y^2)-0.7*x),
      xmin=input_box(default=-1), xmax=input_box(default=1.8),
      ymin=input_box(default=-1.3), ymax=input_box(default=1.5),
      x_start=(-1,(-2,2)), y_start=(0,(-2,2)), error=(0.5,(0,1)),
      t_length=(23,(0, 100)) , num_of_points = (1500,(5,2000)),
      algorithm = selector([
         ("rkf45" , "runga-kutta-felhberg (4,5)"),
         ("rk2" , "embedded runga-kutta (2,3)"),
         ("rk4" , "4th order classical runga-kutta"),
         ("rk8pd" , 'runga-kutta prince-dormand (8,9)'),
         ("rk2imp" , "implicit 2nd order runga-kutta at gaussian points"),
         ("rk4imp" , "implicit 4th order runga-kutta at gaussian points"),
         ("bsimp" , "implicit burlisch-stoer (requires jacobian)"),
         ("gear1" , "M=1 implicit gear"),
         ("gear2" , "M=2 implicit gear")
      ])):
    f(x,y)=fin
    g(x,y)=gin
    
    ff = f._fast_float_(*f.args())
    gg = g._fast_float_(*g.args())
    
    #solve
    path = []
    err = error
    xerr = 0
    for yerr in [-err, 0, +err]:
      T=ode_solver()
      T.algorithm=algorithm
      T.function = lambda t, yp: [ff(yp[0],yp[1]), gg(yp[0],yp[1])]
      T.jacobian = lambda t, yp: [[diff(fun,dval)(yp[0],yp[1]) for dval in [x,y]] for fun in [f,g]]
      T.ode_solve(y_0=[x_start + xerr, y_start + yerr],t_span=[0,t_length],num_points=num_of_points)
      path.append(line([p[1] for p in T.solution]))

    #plot
    vector_field = plot_vector_field( (f,g), (x,xmin,xmax), (y,ymin,ymax) )
    starting_point = point([x_start, y_start], pointsize=50)
    show(vector_field + starting_point + sum(path), aspect_ratio=1, figsize=[8,9])
}}}
attachment:ode_runga_kutta.png

== Linear Algebra ==

=== Numerical instability of the classical Gram-Schmidt algorithm ===
by Marshall Hampton (tested by William Stein, who thinks this is really nice!)
{{{
def GS_classic(a_list):
    '''
    Given a list of vectors or a matrix, returns the QR factorization using the classical (and numerically unstable) Gram-Schmidt algorithm.
    '''
    if type(a_list) != list:
        cols = a_list.cols()
        a_list = [x for x in cols]
    indices = range(len(a_list))
    q = []
    r = [[0 for i in indices] for j in indices]
    v = [a_list[i].copy() for i in indices]
    for i in indices:
        for j in range(0,i):
            r[j][i] = q[j].inner_product(a_list[i])
            v[i] = v[i] - r[j][i]*q[j]
        r[i][i] = (v[i]*v[i])^(1/2)
        q.append(v[i]/r[i][i])
    q = matrix([q[i] for i in indices]).transpose()
    return q, matrix(r)
def GS_modern(a_list):
    '''
    Given a list of vectors or a matrix, returns the QR factorization using the 'modern' Gram-Schmidt algorithm.
    '''
    if type(a_list) != list:
        cols = a_list.cols()
        a_list = [x for x in cols]
    indices = range(len(a_list))
    q = []
    r = [[0 for i in indices] for j in indices]
    v = [a_list[i].copy() for i in indices]
    for i in indices:
        r[i][i] = v[i].norm(2)
        q.append(v[i]/r[i][i])
        for j in range(i+1, len(indices)):
            r[i][j] = q[i].inner_product(v[j])
            v[j] = v[j] - r[i][j]*q[i]
    q = matrix([q[i] for i in indices]).transpose()
    return q, matrix(r)
html('<h2>Numerical instability of the classical Gram-Schmidt algorithm</h2>')
@interact
def gstest(precision = slider(range(3,53), default = 10), a1 = input_box([1,1/1000,1/1000]), a2 = input_box([1,1/1000,0]), a3 = input_box([1,0,1/1000])):
    myR = RealField(precision)
    displayR = RealField(5)
    html('precision in bits: ' + str(precision) + '<br>')
    A = matrix([a1,a2,a3])
    A = [vector(myR,x) for x in A]
    qn, rn = GS_classic(A)
    qb, rb = GS_modern(A)
    html('Classical Gram-Schmidt:')
    show(matrix(displayR,qn))
    html('Stable Gram-Schmidt:')
    show(matrix(displayR,qb))
}}}
attachment:GramSchmidt.png


=== Linear transformations ===
by Jason Grout

A square matrix defines a linear transformation which rotates and/or scales vectors. In the interact command below, the red vector represents the original vector (v) and the blue vector represents the image w under the linear transformation. You can change the angle and length of v by changing theta and r.

{{{
@interact
def linear_transformation(theta=slider(0, 2*pi, .1), r=slider(0.1, 2, .1, default=1)):
    A=matrix([[1,-1],[-1,1/2]])
    v=vector([r*cos(theta), r*sin(theta)])
    w = A*v
    circles = sum([circle((0,0), radius=i, rgbcolor=(0,0,0)) for i in [1..2]])
    print jsmath("v = %s,\; %s v=%s"%(v.n(4),latex(A),w.n(4)))
    show(v.plot(rgbcolor=(1,0,0))+w.plot(rgbcolor=(0,0,1))+circles,aspect_ratio=1)
}}}
attachment:Linear-Transformations.png

=== Singular value decomposition ===
by Marshall Hampton
{{{
import scipy.linalg as lin
var('t')
def rotell(sig,umat,t,offset=0):
    temp = matrix(umat)*matrix(2,1,[sig[0]*cos(t),sig[1]*sin(t)])
    return [offset+temp[0][0],temp[1][0]]
@interact
def svd_vis(a11=slider(-1,1,.05,1),a12=slider(-1,1,.05,1),a21=slider(-1,1,.05,0),a22=slider(-1,1,.05,1),ofs= selector(['Off','On'],label='offset image from domain')):
    rf_low = RealField(12)
    my_mat = matrix(rf_low,2,2,[a11,a12,a21,a22])
    u,s,vh = lin.svd(my_mat.numpy())
    if ofs == 'On':
        offset = 3
        fsize = 6
        colors = [(1,0,0),(0,0,1),(1,0,0),(0,0,1)]
    else:
        offset = 0
        fsize = 5
        colors = [(1,0,0),(0,0,1),(.7,.2,0),(0,.3,.7)]
    vvects = sum([arrow([0,0],matrix(vh).row(i),rgbcolor = colors[i]) for i in (0,1)])
    uvects = Graphics()
    for i in (0,1):
        if s[i] != 0: uvects += arrow([offset,0],vector([offset,0])+matrix(s*u).column(i),rgbcolor = colors[i+2])
    html('<h3>Singular value decomposition: image of the unit circle and the singular vectors</h3>')
    print jsmath("A = %s = %s %s %s"%(latex(my_mat), latex(matrix(rf_low,u.tolist())), latex(matrix(rf_low,2,2,[s[0],0,0,s[1]])), latex(matrix(rf_low,vh.tolist()))))
    image_ell = parametric_plot(rotell(s,u,t, offset),0,2*pi)
    graph_stuff=circle((0,0),1)+image_ell+vvects+uvects
    graph_stuff.set_aspect_ratio(1)
    show(graph_stuff,frame = False,axes=False,figsize=[fsize,fsize])
}}}
attachment:svd1.png

=== Discrete Fourier Transform ===
by Marshall Hampton
{{{
import scipy.fftpack as Fourier
@interact
def discrete_fourier(f = input_box(default=sum([sin(k*x) for k in range(1,5,2)])), scale = slider(.1,20,.1,5)):
    var('x')
    pbegin = -float(pi)*scale
    pend = float(pi)*scale
    html("<h3>Function plot and its discrete Fourier transform</h3>")
    show(plot(f, pbegin, pend, plot_points = 512), figsize = [4,3])
    f_vals = [f(ind) for ind in srange(pbegin, pend,(pend-pbegin)/512.0)]
    my_fft = Fourier.fft(f_vals)
    show(list_plot([abs(x) for x in my_fft], plotjoined=True), figsize = [4,3])
}}}
attachment:dfft1.png


== Algebra ==

=== Groebner fan of an ideal ===
by Marshall Hampton; (needs sage-2.11 or higher, with gfan-0.3 interface)
{{{
@interact
def gfan_browse(p1 = input_box('x^3+y^2',type = str, label='polynomial 1: '), p2 = input_box('y^3+z^2',type = str, label='polynomial 2: '), p3 = input_box('z^3+x^2',type = str, label='polynomial 3: ')):
    R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3)
    i1 = ideal(R(p1),R(p2),R(p3))
    gf1 = i1.groebner_fan()
    testr = gf1.render()
    html('Groebner fan of the ideal generated by: ' + str(p1) + ', ' + str(p2) + ', ' + str(p3))
    show(testr, axes = False, figsize=[8,8*(3^(.5))/2])
}}}
attachment:gfan_interact.png
== Number Theory ==

=== Factor Trees ===
by William Stein
{{{
import random
def ftree(rows, v, i, F):
    if len(v) > 0: # add a row to g at the ith level.
        rows.append(v)
    w = []
    for i in range(len(v)):
        k, _, _ = v[i]
        if k is None or is_prime(k):
            w.append((None,None,None))
        else:
            d = random.choice(divisors(k)[1:-1])
            w.append((d,k,i))
            e = k//d
            if e == 1:
                w.append((None,None))
            else:
                w.append((e,k,i))
    if len(w) > len(v):
        ftree(rows, w, i+1, F)
def draw_ftree(rows,font):
    g = Graphics()
    for i in range(len(rows)):
        cur = rows[i]
        for j in range(len(cur)):
            e, f, k = cur[j]
            if not e is None:
                if is_prime(e):
                     c = (1,0,0)
                else:
                     c = (0,0,.4)
                g += text(str(e), (j*2-len(cur),-i), fontsize=font, rgbcolor=c)
                if not k is None and not f is None:
                    g += line([(j*2-len(cur),-i), ((k*2)-len(rows[i-1]),-i+1)],
                    alpha=0.5)
    return g
{{{#!sagecell
x = SR.var('x')
x0 = 0
f = sin(x) * e^(-x)
p = plot(f, -1, 5, thickness=2)
dot = point((x0, f(x=x0)), pointsize=80, rgbcolor=(1, 0, 0))
Line 323: Line 50:
def factor_tree(n=100, font=(10, (8..20)), redraw=['Redraw']):
    n = Integer(n)
    rows = []
    v = [(n,None,0)]
    ftree(rows, v, 0, factor(n))
    show(draw_ftree(rows, font), axes=False)
def _(order=slider([1 .. 12])):
  ft = f.taylor(x, x0, order)
  pt = plot(ft, -1, 5, color='green', thickness=2)
  pretty_print(html(r'$f(x)\;=\;%s$' % latex(f)))
  pretty_print(html(r'$\hat{f}(x;%s)\;=\;%s+\mathcal{O}(x^{%s})$' % (x0, latex(ft), order+1)))
  show(dot + p + pt, ymin=-.5, ymax=1)
Line 330: Line 57:
attachment:factortree.png

=== Continued Fraction Plotter ===
by William Stein
{{{
@interact
def _(number=e, ymax=selector([None,5,20,..,400],nrows=2), clr=Color('purple'), prec=[500,1000,..,5000]):
    c = list(continued_fraction(RealField(prec)(number))); print c
    show(line([(i,z) for i, z in enumerate(c)],rgbcolor=clr),ymax=ymax,figsize=[10,2])
}}}
attachment:contfracplot.png

=== Illustrating the prime number thoerem ===
by William Stein
{{{
@interact
def _(N=(100,(2..2000))):
    html("<font color='red'>$\pi(x)$</font> and <font color='blue'>$x/(\log(x)-1)$</font> for $x < %s$"%N)
    show(plot(prime_pi, 0, N, rgbcolor='red') + plot(x/(log(x)-1), 5, N, rgbcolor='blue'))
}}}
attachment:primes.png

=== Computing Generalized Bernoulli Numbers ===
by William Stein (Sage-2.10.3)
{{{
@interact
def _(m=selector([1..15],nrows=2), n=(7,(3..10))):
    G = DirichletGroup(m)
    s = "<h3>First n=%s Bernoulli numbers attached to characters with modulus m=%s</h3>"%(n,m)
    s += '<table border=1>'
    s += '<tr bgcolor="#edcc9c"><td align=center>$\\chi$</td><td>Conductor</td>' + \
           ''.join('<td>$B_{%s,\chi}$</td>'%k for k in [1..n]) + '</tr>'
    for eps in G.list():
        v = ''.join(['<td align=center bgcolor="#efe5cd">$%s$</td>'%latex(eps.bernoulli(k)) for k in [1..n]])
        s += '<tr><td bgcolor="#edcc9c">%s</td><td bgcolor="#efe5cd" align=center>%s</td>%s</tr>\n'%(
             eps, eps.conductor(), v)
    s += '</table>'
    html(s)
}}}

attachment:bernoulli.png


=== Fundamental Domains of SL_2(ZZ) ===
by Robert Miller
{{{
L = [[-0.5, 2.0^(x/100.0) - 1 + sqrt(3.0)/2] for x in xrange(1000, -1, -1)]
R = [[0.5, 2.0^(x/100.0) - 1 + sqrt(3.0)/2] for x in xrange(1000)]
xes = [x/1000.0 for x in xrange(-500,501,1)]
M = [[x,abs(sqrt(x^2-1))] for x in xes]
fundamental_domain = L+M+R
fundamental_domain = [[x-1,y] for x,y in fundamental_domain]
@interact
def _(gen = selector(['t+1', 't-1', '-1/t'], nrows=1)):
    global fundamental_domain
    if gen == 't+1':
        fundamental_domain = [[x+1,y] for x,y in fundamental_domain]
    elif gen == 't-1':
        fundamental_domain = [[x-1,y] for x,y in fundamental_domain]
    elif gen == '-1/t':
        new_dom = []
        for x,y in fundamental_domain:
            sq_mod = x^2 + y^2
            new_dom.append([(-1)*x/sq_mod, y/sq_mod])
        fundamental_domain = new_dom
    P = polygon(fundamental_domain)
    P.ymax(1.2); P.ymin(-0.1)
    P.show()
}}}

attachment:fund_domain.png

=== Computing modular forms ===
by William Stein
{{{
j = 0
@interact
def _(N=[1..100], k=selector([2,4,..,12],nrows=1), prec=(3..40),
      group=[(Gamma0, 'Gamma0'), (Gamma1, 'Gamma1')]):
    M = CuspForms(group(N),k)
    print j; global j; j += 1
    print M; print '\n'*3
    print "Computing basis...\n\n"
    if M.dimension() == 0:
         print "Space has dimension 0"
    else:
        prec = max(prec, M.dimension()+1)
        for f in M.basis():
             view(f.q_expansion(prec))
    print "\n\n\nDone computing basis."
}}}

attachment:modformbasis.png


=== Computing the cuspidal subgroup ===
by William Stein
{{{
html('<h1>Cuspidal Subgroups of Modular Jacobians J0(N)</h1>')
@interact
def _(N=selector([1..8*13], ncols=8, width=10, default=10)):
    A = J0(N)
    print A.cuspidal_subgroup()
}}}

attachment:cuspgroup.png

=== A Charpoly and Hecke Operator Graph ===
by William Stein

{{{
# Note -- in Sage-2.10.3; multiedges are missing in plots; loops are missing in 3d plots
@interact
def f(N = prime_range(11,400),
      p = selector(prime_range(2,12),nrows=1),
      three_d = ("Three Dimensional", False)):
    S = SupersingularModule(N)
    T = S.hecke_matrix(p)
    G = Graph(T, multiedges=True, loops=not three_d)
    html("<h1>Charpoly and Hecke Graph: Level %s, T_%s</h1>"%(N,p))
    show(T.charpoly().factor())
    if three_d:
        show(G.plot3d(), aspect_ratio=[1,1,1])
    else:
        show(G.plot(),figsize=7)
}}}

attachment:heckegraph.png

=== Demonstrating the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol ===
by Timothy Clemans (refereed by William Stein)
{{{
@interact
def diffie_hellman(button=selector(["New example"],label='',buttons=True),
    bits=("Number of bits of prime", (8,12,..512))):
    maxp = 2^bits
    p = random_prime(maxp)
    k = GF(p)
    if bits>100:
        g = k(2)
    else:
        g = k.multiplicative_generator()
    a = ZZ.random_element(10, maxp)
    b = ZZ.random_element(10, maxp)

    print """
<html>
<style>
.gamodp {
background:yellow
}
.gbmodp {
background:orange
}
.dhsame {
color:green;
font-weight:bold
}
</style>
<h2>%s-Bit Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange</h2>
<ol style="color:#000;font:12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<li>Alice and Bob agree to use the prime number p=%s and base g=%s.</li>
<li>Alice chooses the secret integer a=%s, then sends Bob (<span class="gamodp">g<sup>a</sup> mod p</span>):<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="gamodp">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Bob chooses the secret integer b=%s, then sends Alice (<span class="gbmodp">g<sup>b</sup> mod p</span>):<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="gbmodp">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Alice computes (<span class="gbmodp">g<sup>b</sup> mod p</span>)<sup>a</sup> mod p:<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="dhsame">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Bob computes (<span class="gamodp">g<sup>a</sup> mod p</span>)<sup>b</sup> mod p:<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="dhsame">%s</span>.</li>
</ol></html>
    """ % (bits, p, g, a, g, a, p, (g^a), b, g, b, p, (g^b), (g^b), a, p,
       (g^ b)^a, g^a, b, p, (g^a)^b)
}}}

attachment:dh.png

=== Plotting an elliptic curve over a finite field ===
{{{
E = EllipticCurve('37a')
@interact
def _(p=slider(prime_range(1000), default=389)):
    show(E)
    print "p = %s"%p
    show(E.change_ring(GF(p)).plot(),xmin=0,ymin=0)
}}}

attachment:ellffplot.png

== Web applications ==

=== Stock Market data, fetched from Yahoo and Google ===
by William Stein

{{{
import urllib

class Day:
    def __init__(self, date, open, high, low, close, volume):
        self.date = date
        self.open=float(open); self.high=float(high); self.low=float(low); self.close=float(close)
        self.volume=int(volume)
    def __repr__(self):
        return '%10s %4.2f %4.2f %4.2f %4.2f %10d'%(self.date, self.open, self.high,
                   self.low, self.close, self.volume)

class Stock:
    def __init__(self, symbol):
        self.symbol = symbol.upper()

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%s (%s)"%(self.symbol, self.yahoo()['price'])
    
    def yahoo(self):
        url = 'http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=%s&f=%s' % (self.symbol, 'l1c1va2xj1b4j4dyekjm3m4rr5p5p6s7')
        values = urllib.urlopen(url).read().strip().strip('"').split(',')
        data = {}
        data['price'] = values[0]
        data['change'] = values[1]
        data['volume'] = values[2]
        data['avg_daily_volume'] = values[3]
        data['stock_exchange'] = values[4]
        data['market_cap'] = values[5]
        data['book_value'] = values[6]
        data['ebitda'] = values[7]
        data['dividend_per_share'] = values[8]
        data['dividend_yield'] = values[9]
        data['earnings_per_share'] = values[10]
        data['52_week_high'] = values[11]
        data['52_week_low'] = values[12]
        data['50day_moving_avg'] = values[13]
        data['200day_moving_avg'] = values[14]
        data['price_earnings_ratio'] = values[15]
        data['price_earnings_growth_ratio'] = values[16]
        data['price_sales_ratio'] = values[17]
        data['price_book_ratio'] = values[18]
        data['short_ratio'] = values[19]
        return data

    def historical(self):
        try:
            return self.__historical
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        symbol = self.symbol
        def get_data(exchange):
             name = get_remote_file('http://finance.google.com/finance/historical?q=%s:%s&output=csv'%(exchange, symbol.upper()),
                       verbose=False)
             return open(name).read()
        R = get_data('NASDAQ')
        if "Bad Request" in R:
             R = get_data("NYSE")
        R = R.splitlines()
        headings = R[0].split(',')
        self.__historical = []
        try:
            for x in reversed(R[1:]):
                date, opn, high, low, close, volume = x.split(',')
                self.__historical.append(Day(date, opn,high,low,close,volume))
        except ValueError:
             pass
        self.__historical = Sequence(self.__historical,cr=True,universe=lambda x:x)
        return self.__historical

    def plot_average(self, spline_samples=10):
        d = self.historical()
        if len(d) == 0:
            return text('no historical data at Google Finance about %s'%self.symbol, (0,3))
        avg = list(enumerate([(z.high+z.low)/2 for z in d]))
        P = line(avg) + points(avg, rgbcolor='black', pointsize=4) + \
                 text(self.symbol, (len(d)*1.05, d[-1].low), horizontal_alignment='right', rgbcolor='black')
        if spline_samples > 0:
            k = 250//spline_samples
            spl = spline([avg[i*k] for i in range(len(d)//k)] + [avg[-1]])
            P += plot(spl, (0,len(d)+30), color=(0.7,0.7,0.7))
        P.xmax(260)
        return P

    def plot_diff(self):
        d = self.historical()
        if len(d) == 0:
            return text('no historical data at Google Finance about %s'%self.symbol, (0,3))
        diff = []
        for i in range(1, len(d)):
             z1 = d[i]; z0 = d[i-1]
             diff.append((i, (z1.high+z1.low)/2 - (z0.high + z0.low)/2))
        P = line(diff,thickness=0.5) + points(diff, rgbcolor='black', pointsize=4) + \
                 text(self.symbol, (len(d)*1.05, 0), horizontal_alignment='right', rgbcolor='black')
        P.xmax(260)
        return P

symbols = ['bsc', 'vmw', 'sbux', 'aapl', 'amzn', 'goog', 'wfmi', 'msft', 'yhoo', 'ebay', 'java', 'rht', ]; symbols.sort()
stocks = dict([(s,Stock(s)) for s in symbols])

@interact
def data(symbol = symbols, other_symbol='', spline_samples=(8,[0..15])):
     if other_symbol != '':
         symbol = other_symbol
     S = Stock(symbol)
     html('<h1 align=center><font color="darkred">%s</font></h1>'%S)
     S.plot_average(spline_samples).save('avg.png', figsize=[10,2])
     S.plot_diff().save('diff.png', figsize=[10,2])

     Y = S.yahoo()
     k = Y.keys(); k.sort()
     html('Price during last 52 weeks:<br>Grey line is a spline through %s points (do not take seriously!):<br> <img src="cell://avg.png">'%spline_samples)
     html('Difference from previous day:<br> <img src="cell://diff.png">')
     html('<table align=center>' + '\n'.join('<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>'%(k[i], Y[k[i]]) for i in range(len(k))) + '</table>')

}}}

attachment:stocks.png

=== CO2 data plot, fetched from NOAA ===
by Marshall Hampton

While support for R is rapidly improving, scipy.stats has a lot of useful stuff too. This only scratches the surface.
{{{
import urllib2 as U
import scipy.stats as Stat
co2data = U.urlopen('ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/trends/co2_mm_mlo.txt').readlines()
datalines = []
for a_line in co2data:
    if a_line.find('Creation:') != -1:
        cdate = a_line
    if a_line[0] != '#':
        temp = a_line.replace('\n','').split(' ')
        temp = [float(q) for q in temp if q != '']
        datalines.append(temp)
trdf = RealField(16)
@interact
def mauna_loa_co2(start_date = slider(1958,2010,1,1958), end_date = slider(1958, 2010,1,2009)):
    htmls1 = '<h3>CO2 monthly averages at Mauna Loa (interpolated), from NOAA/ESRL data</h3>'
    htmls2 = '<h4>'+cdate+'</h4>'
    sel_data = [[q[2],q[4]] for q in datalines if start_date < q[2] < end_date]
    c_max = max([q[1] for q in sel_data])
    c_min = min([q[1] for q in sel_data])
    slope, intercept, r, ttprob, stderr = Stat.linregress(sel_data)
    html(htmls1+htmls2+'<h4>Linear regression slope: ' + str(trdf(slope)) + ' ppm/year; correlation coefficient: ' + str(trdf(r)) + '</h4>')
    var('x,y')
    show(list_plot(sel_data, plotjoined=True, rgbcolor=(1,0,0)) + plot(slope*x+intercept,start_date,end_date), xmin = start_date, ymin = c_min-2, axes = True, xmax = end_date, ymax = c_max+3, frame = False)
}}}
attachment:co2c.png

=== Pie Chart from the Google Chart API ===
by Harald Schilly

{{{
# Google Chart API: http://code.google.com/apis/chart
import urllib2 as inet
from pylab import imshow
@interact
def gChart(title="Google Chart API plots Pie Charts!", color1=Color('purple'), color2=Color('black'), color3=Color('yellow'), val1=slider(0,1,.05,.5), val2=slider(0,1,.05,.3), val3=slider(0,1,.05,0.1), label=("Maths Physics Chemistry")):
    url = "http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?cht=p3&chs=600x300"
    url += '&chtt=%s&chts=000000,25'%title.replace(" ","+")
    url += '&chco=%s'%(','.join([color1.html_color()[1:],color2.html_color()[1:],color3.html_color()[1:]]))
    url += '&chl=%s'%label.replace(" ","|")
    url += '&chd=t:%s'%(','.join(map(str,[val1,val2,val3])))
    print url
    html('<div style="border:3px dashed;text-align:center;padding:50px 0 50px 0"><img src="%s"></div>'%url)
}}}
attachment:interact_with_google_chart_api.png



== Bioinformatics ==

=== Web app: protein browser ===
by Marshall Hampton (tested by William Stein)
{{{
import urllib2 as U
@interact
def protein_browser(GenBank_ID = input_box('165940577', type = str), file_type = selector([(1,'fasta'),(2,'GenPept')])):
    if file_type == 2:
        gen_str = 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&sendto=t&id='
    else:
        gen_str = 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=protein&sendto=t&dopt=fasta&id='
    f = U.urlopen(gen_str + GenBank_ID)
    g = f.read()
    f.close()
    html(g)
}}}
attachment:biobrowse.png

=== Coalescent simulator ===
by Marshall Hampton
{{{
def next_gen(x, selection=1.0):
    '''Creates the next generation from the previous; also returns parent-child indexing list'''
    next_x = []
    for ind in range(len(x)):
        if random() < (1 + selection)/len(x):
            rind = 0
        else:
            rind = int(round(random()*(len(x)-1)+1/2))
        next_x.append((x[rind],rind))
    next_x.sort()
    return [[x[0] for x in next_x],[x[1] for x in next_x]]
def coal_plot(some_data):
    '''Creates a graphics object from coalescent data'''
    gens = some_data[0]
    inds = some_data[1]
    gen_lines = line([[0,0]])
    pts = Graphics()
    ngens = len(gens)
    gen_size = len(gens[0])
    for x in range(gen_size):
        pts += point((x,ngens-1), hue = gens[0][x]/float(gen_size*1.1))
    p_frame = line([[-.5,-.5],[-.5,ngens-.5], [gen_size-.5,ngens-.5], [gen_size-.5,-.5], [-.5,-.5]])
    for g in range(1,ngens):
        for x in range(gen_size):
            old_x = inds[g-1][x]
            gen_lines += line([[x,ngens-g-1],[old_x,ngens-g]], hue = gens[g-1][old_x]/float(gen_size*1.1))
            pts += point((x,ngens-g-1), hue = gens[g][x]/float(gen_size*1.1))
    return pts+gen_lines+p_frame
d_field = RealField(10)
@interact
def coalescents(pop_size = slider(2,100,1,15,'Population size'), selection = slider(-1,1,.1,0, 'Selection for first taxon'), s = selector(['Again!'], label='Refresh', buttons=True)):
    print 'Population size: ' + str(pop_size)
    print 'Selection coefficient for first taxon: ' + str(d_field(selection))
    start = [i for i in range(pop_size)]
    gens = [start]
    inds = []
    while gens[-1][0] != gens[-1][-1]:
        g_index = len(gens) - 1
        n_gen = next_gen(gens[g_index], selection = selection)
        gens.append(n_gen[0])
        inds.append(n_gen[1])
        coal_data1 = [gens,inds]
    print 'Generations until coalescence: ' + str(len(gens))
    show(coal_plot(coal_data1), axes = False, figsize = [8,4.0*len(gens)/pop_size], ymax = len(gens)-1)
}}}
attachment:coalescent.png

== Miscellaneous Graphics ==

=== Catalog of 3D Parametric Plots ===
{{{
var('u,v')
plots = ['Two Interlinked Tori', 'Star of David', 'Double Heart',
         'Heart', 'Green bowtie', "Boy's Surface", "Maeder's Owl",
         'Cross cap']
plots.sort()

@interact
def _(example=selector(plots, buttons=True, nrows=2),
      tachyon=("Raytrace", False), frame = ('Frame', False),
      opacity=(1,(0.1,1))):
    url = ''
    if example == 'Two Interlinked Tori':
        f1 = (4+(3+cos(v))*sin(u), 4+(3+cos(v))*cos(u), 4+sin(v))
        f2 = (8+(3+cos(v))*cos(u), 3+sin(v), 4+(3+cos(v))*sin(u))
        p1 = parametric_plot3d(f1, (u,0,2*pi), (v,0,2*pi), color="red", opacity=opacity)
        p2 = parametric_plot3d(f2, (u,0,2*pi), (v,0,2*pi), color="blue",opacity=opacity)
        P = p1 + p2
    elif example == 'Star of David':
        f_x = cos(u)*cos(v)*(abs(cos(3*v/4))^500 + abs(sin(3*v/4))^500)^(-1/260)*(abs(cos(4*u/4))^200 + abs(sin(4*u/4))^200)^(-1/200)
        f_y = cos(u)*sin(v)*(abs(cos(3*v/4))^500 + abs(sin(3*v/4))^500)^(-1/260)*(abs(cos(4*u/4))^200 + abs(sin(4*u/4))^200)^(-1/200)
        f_z = sin(u)*(abs(cos(4*u/4))^200 + abs(sin(4*u/4))^200)^(-1/200)
        P = parametric_plot3d([f_x, f_y, f_z], (u, -pi, pi), (v, 0, 2*pi),opacity=opacity)
    elif example == 'Double Heart':
        f_x = ( abs(v) - abs(u) - abs(tanh((1/sqrt(2))*u)/(1/sqrt(2))) + abs(tanh((1/sqrt(2))*v)/(1/sqrt(2))) )*sin(v)
        f_y = ( abs(v) - abs(u) - abs(tanh((1/sqrt(2))*u)/(1/sqrt(2))) - abs(tanh((1/sqrt(2))*v)/(1/sqrt(2))) )*cos(v)
        f_z = sin(u)*(abs(cos(4*u/4))^1 + abs(sin(4*u/4))^1)^(-1/1)
        P = parametric_plot3d([f_x, f_y, f_z], (u, 0, pi), (v, -pi, pi),opacity=opacity)
    elif example == 'Heart':
        f_x = cos(u)*(4*sqrt(1-v^2)*sin(abs(u))^abs(u))
        f_y = sin(u) *(4*sqrt(1-v^2)*sin(abs(u))^abs(u))
        f_z = v
        P = parametric_plot3d([f_x, f_y, f_z], (u, -pi, pi), (v, -1, 1), frame=False, color="red",opacity=opacity)
    elif example == 'Green bowtie':
        f_x = sin(u) / (sqrt(2) + sin(v))
        f_y = sin(u) / (sqrt(2) + cos(v))
        f_z = cos(u) / (1 + sqrt(2))
        P = parametric_plot3d([f_x, f_y, f_z], (u, -pi, pi), (v, -pi, pi), frame=False, color="green",opacity=opacity)
    elif example == "Boy's Surface":
        url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy's_surface"
        fx = 2/3* (cos(u)* cos(2*v) + sqrt(2)* sin(u)* cos(v))* cos(u) / (sqrt(2) - sin(2*u)* sin(3*v))
        fy = 2/3* (cos(u)* sin(2*v) - sqrt(2)* sin(u)* sin(v))* cos(u) / (sqrt(2) - sin(2*u)* sin(3*v))
        fz = sqrt(2)* cos(u)* cos(u) / (sqrt(2) - sin(2*u)* sin(3*v))
        P = parametric_plot3d([fx, fy, fz], (u, -2*pi, 2*pi), (v, 0, pi), plot_points = [90,90], frame=False, color="orange",opacity=opacity)
    elif example == "Maeder's Owl":
        fx = v *cos(u) - 0.5* v^2 * cos(2* u)
        fy = -v *sin(u) - 0.5* v^2 * sin(2* u)
        fz = 4 *v^1.5 * cos(3 *u / 2) / 3
        P = parametric_plot3d([fx, fy, fz], (u, -2*pi, 2*pi), (v, 0, 1),plot_points = [90,90], frame=False, color="purple",opacity=opacity)
    elif example =='Cross cap':
        url = 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cap'
        fx = (1+cos(v))*cos(u)
        fy = (1+cos(v))*sin(u)
        fz = -tanh((2/3)*(u-pi))*sin(v)
        P = parametric_plot3d([fx, fy, fz], (u, 0, 2*pi), (v, 0, 2*pi), frame=False, color="red",opacity=opacity)
    else:
        print "Bug selecting plot?"
        return


    html('<h2>%s</h2>'%example)
    if url:
        html('<h3><a target="_new" href="%s">%s</a></h3>'%(url,url))
    show(P, viewer='tachyon' if tachyon else 'jmol', frame=frame)
}}}

attachment:parametricplot3d.png

=== Interactive rotatable raytracing with Tachyon3d ===

{{{
C = cube(color=['red', 'green', 'blue'], aspect_ratio=[1,1,1],
         viewer='tachyon') + sphere((1,0,0),0.2)
@interact
def example(theta=(0,2*pi), phi=(0,2*pi), zoom=(1,(1,4))):
    show(C.rotate((0,0,1), theta).rotate((0,1,0),phi), zoom=zoom)
}}}


attachment:tachyonrotate.png


=== Interactive 3d plotting ===
{{{
var('x,y')
@interact
def example(clr=Color('orange'), f=4*x*exp(-x^2-y^2), xrange='(-2, 2)', yrange='(-2,2)',
    zrot=(0,pi), xrot=(0,pi), zoom=(1,(1/2,3)), square_aspect=('Square Frame', False),
    tachyon=('Ray Tracer', True)):
    xmin, xmax = sage_eval(xrange); ymin, ymax = sage_eval(yrange)
    P = plot3d(f, (x, xmin, xmax), (y, ymin, ymax), color=clr)
    html('<h1>Plot of $f(x,y) = %s$</h1>'%latex(f))
    aspect_ratio = [1,1,1] if square_aspect else [1,1,1/2]
    show(P.rotate((0,0,1), -zrot).rotate((1,0,0),xrot),
         viewer='tachyon' if tachyon else 'jmol',
         figsize=6, zoom=zoom, frame=False,
         frame_aspect_ratio=aspect_ratio)
}}}


attachment:tachyonplot3d.png

[[Anchor(eggpaint)]]

=== Somewhat Silly Egg Painter ===
by Marshall Hampton (refereed by William Stein)
{{{
var('s,t')
g(s) = ((0.57496*sqrt(121 - 16.0*s^2))/sqrt(10.+ s))
def P(color, rng):
    return parametric_plot3d((cos(t)*g(s), sin(t)*g(s), s), (s,rng[0],rng[1]), (t,0,2*pi), plot_points = [150,150], rgbcolor=color, frame = False, opacity = 1)
colorlist = ['red','blue','red','blue']
@interact
def _(band_number = selector(range(1,5)), current_color = Color('red')):
    html('<h1 align=center>Egg Painter</h1>')
    colorlist[band_number-1] = current_color
    egg = sum([P(colorlist[i],[-2.75+5.5*(i/4),-2.75+5.5*(i+1)/4]) for i in range(4)])
    show(egg)
}}}
attachment:eggpaint.png
{{attachment:taylor_series_animated.gif}}

Sage Interactions

This is a collection of pages demonstrating the use of the **interact** command in Sage. It should be easy to just scroll through and copy/paste examples into Sage notebooks. If you have suggestions on how to improve interact, add them here or email the sage-support mailing list. Of course, your own examples are also welcome!

Documentation links:

Examples:

Explanatory example: Taylor Series

This is the code and a mockup animation of the interact command. It defines a slider, seen on top, that can be dragged. Once dragged, it changes the value of the variable "order" and the whole block of code gets evaluated. This principle can be seen in various examples presented on the pages above!

taylor_series_animated.gif

interact (last edited 2021-08-23 15:58:42 by anewton)