Sage for Mathematica Users

This page is modeled on the http://www.scipy.org/NumPy_for_Matlab_Users

Introduction

SAGE has many of the capabilities of Mathematica, and many additional ones (e.g. wiki-creating software and a 3D raytracer). Some features of SAGE have been inspired by Mathematica, but overall the syntax and structure of SAGE are quite different. One of the main influences on SAGE is the use of the language Python.

This page is intended to help users familiar with Mathematica migrate to SAGE more easily.

Key Differences

Indexing: Lists in Mathematica are indexed starting from 1. In SAGE, as in Python, indices start at 0. Also, where Mathematica accepts a list of indices, in SAGE you can construct sub-lists using "slice" operations. For example, if we have a list of numbers, num_list = [0,1,2,3,4], then numlist[1:3] would return the list [1,2].

Combinatorica

For a comparison of graph theory functionality between SAGE and the Mathematica Combinatorica package, see the CombinatoricaCompare page.

Sage and Python Quickstart for Mathematica users

This is not a proper introduction to Python, but a list of examples that Mathematica users will need to figure out how to do if they want to use Sage.

Basic functionality

Declaring variables

Mathematica assumes that all otherwise unknown symbols are algebraic quantities. Python and Sage don't; they are declared as follows:

sage: var('x,y,a,b,c')
(x, y, a, b, c)
sage: y == a*x^2 + b*x + c
y == a*x^2 + b*x + c

It is also possible to declare with spaces between variables:

sage: var('x y a b c')
(x, y, a, b, c)
sage: y == a*x^2 + b*x + c
y == a*x^2 + b*x + c

Implicit multiplication

sage: var('x,y,a,b,c')
(x, y, a, b, c)
sage: implicit_multiplication(True)
sage: y == a x^2 + b x + c
y == a*x^2 + b*x + c

Note that a space need not be used when there is a numerical coefficient for a variable:

sage: var('x,y')
(x, y)
sage: implicit_multiplication(True)
sage: y == 3x
y == 3*x

Procedural programming

Table

Mathematica: Table[f[i], {i, 1, 10}]

sage: [f(i) for i in [1..10]] 
[f(1), f(2), f(3), f(4), f(5), f(6), f(7), f(8), f(9), f(10)]

Advanced Mathematica syntax

Mapping functions across a list

From a list called data, create a new list where a function f is applied to each element of data.

Mathematica: f /@ data

Python: [f(d) for d in data]

Unlike in Mathematica, this for d in data cannot be applied to an arbitrary expression data. So [f(d) for d in g(x,y,z)] is not possible (this is not entirely true, all g(x,y,z) needs to do is to return something iterable, malb).

Mapping pure functions across a list

(Replacing elements that are less than zero with zero.)

Mathematica: data /. _?(# < 0&) -> 0

Python: [(0 if d < 0 else d) for d in data]

Timing

Mathematica: Timing[command]
SageMath: timeit('command')

sage_mathematica